**************************************************************** cat /etc/issue **************************************************************** ::: ::: ::: ::::::: ::: :+: :+: :+: :+: :+: :+: :+:+: +:+ +:+ +:+ +:+ +:+ :+:+ +:+ +#++:++#++: +#+ +:+ +#+ +#+ + +:+ +#+ +#+ +#+ +#+ +#+#+ +#+ +#+# +#+ +#+ #+# #+# #+#+# #+#+# #+# #+# #+# ### ### ### ### ####### ####### -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .88888888:. 88888888.88888. .8888888888888888. 888888888888888888 88' _`88'_ `88888 88 88 88 88 88888 88_88_::_88_:88888 88:::,::,:::::8888 88`:::::::::'`8888 .88 `::::' 8:88. 8888 `8:888. .8888' `888888. .8888:.. .::. ...:'8888888:. .8888.' :' `'::`88:88888 .8888 ' `.888:8888. 888:8 . 888:88888 .888:88 .: 888:88888: 8888888. :: 88:888888 `.::.888. :: .88888888 .::::::.888. :: :::`8888'.:. ::::::::::.888 ' .:::::::::::: ::::::::::::.8 ' .:8::::::::::::. .::::::::::::::. .:888::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::88:.__..:88888:::::::::::' `'.:::::::::::88888888888.88:::::::::' `':::_:' -- '' -'-' `':_::::' 0x01 ===> Intro 0x02 ====> Lejet e faileve 0x03 =====> VI si editor 0x04 ======> Arkivimi\Inarkivimi 0x05 =======> Formatime\Devices\info\File-Sisteme 0x06 ========> INIT\Booting 0x07 =========> Akonte\File me rendesi tek ETC \ Cron 0x08 ==========> PROÇESET - MENAXHIMI [ps, top, lsof,] 0x09 ===========> SYSTEM INFO (marre nga firewalli qe perdor ne pune - mac adresat jane ndryshuar :)) [LEVEL - NEWBIE] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- **************************************************************** INTRO **************************************************************** Te gjenerojm nje list te plote te faileve te sistemit dhe te kerkojm psh me nje kriter rezultatet ti depozitojm diku: #locate * > lista_e_sistemit | grep kri?eri > rezultati Listojm failet e sistemit dhe gjenerojm nje report per failet e modifikuara ne filan date: #ls -talhaciR /* | grep Jun\ 03 > rezultati man -k keyword -- per te kerkuar faqet e manualit me nje kriter te caktuar man passwd ose shadow ose sudoers pra per ndonje skedar ne sistem (nuk sherben vetem per programe) info komanda //Form tjeter per te marr informacione mbi programet & /usr/share/doc > per te redirektuar outputin psh komanda > faili ndersa >> per te mos bere rewrite pra thjesht per te bere append (shton mbi fail qe mund te jete krijuar me pare). [overwrite] | Perdoret per te derguar outputin e nje komande tek nje komand tjeter psh ls -talhaciR /* | less [not a very smart command :/] Stream Output 1 - per Outputin standart, 2 per gabimet. ls /aaaaaaaa > standart 2> gabimet | ls /aaaaaaaaaaa > standart 2&>1 #shkojn te dy outputet ne nje drejtim. Killing -_- kill pid / kill -STOP / kill -TERM pid / Control - C (kill) / Control - Z (stop) & fg ose bg per te vazhduar proçesin n fore-ground ose ne background. ########################################################################################################################################## Lejet e Faileve ########################################################################################################################################## chmod ugo (user/group/other) +- rwx (read\write\execute) s (percakto User/G ID qe mund ta egzekutoj ;) ) chmod go-rwx fileosedir : group & others cannot read\write\execute the file chmod u+rwx : perdoruesi mund te lexoj\shkruaj\egzekutoj failin t restricted deletion chmod 000 /nothing for * 7 - read\write\execute 6 - read\write 5 - read\execute 4 - read 3 - write\execute 2 - write 1 - execute ||| ugo umask go-wrx per te vendosur automatikisht qe ç'do fail ne vazhdim te krijohet me chmod 700 / umask -S per te listuar menyren se si krijohen failet\direktorit ne shellin tend. --------------------------------------------------------------------- d - do te thote directory | - do te thote file | l do te thote symbolic link (shortcut) drwxr--r-- | -rwx-w---- | lrwxrwxrwx 1 arditi arditi 4 Jun 14 02:44 link -> prov ............................................. /dev/ ............................................. b - block device / disqet, sda, sdb, hdc, sr0 etj c - character device / dev/null tty*, vcs*, watchdog etc - paisje qe punojn me shkronja , nuk kane madhesi thjesht I/O karakteresh [printera] p - pipe device / /dev/initctl ose gpmdata s - socket device / special sepse ofrojn nje lloj interface networku I/O ............................................. ########################################################################################################################################## SOME VI-VIM ########################################################################################################################################## Kur starton VI starton ne 2 forma te ndryshme, a) command mode [shkronja eshte e selektuar] b) input mode [kursori eshte ne te majte ose ne te djathte te shkronjes /jo gjithmon] keshtu qe para sete fillojm me editimin duhet ti japim disa komanda per ti thene se ç'fare duam te bejm. a (per ti thene se duam te shkruajm ne te djatht te kursorit, / i per ti thene se duam te shkruajm ne te majt te kursorit) Mbas kesaj shkruajm ç'fare te duam dhe kthehemi ne command mode duke shtypur ESC. Levizim ne per file me: Shigjetat majtas, djathtas , lart, poshte, h l k j Preferohet te perdorni shkornjat per te levizur. 0 >>>>>> kthehemi ne fillim te rreshtit $ >>>>>> leviz kursorin ne fund te rreshtit H/M/L [high, medium, low] H kthen kursorin ne fillim te faqes \ M ne mes \L ne fund te faqes , skedarit D >>>>>> Fshin komplet rreshtin \ x - d fshin shkronjen e selektuar nga kursori \ X (ate para kursorit \ d$ delete deri tek $ [fundi] \ d0 [delete deri tek fillimi] --dH / dL ZZ (save & quit) si :wq (w -- save | q -- quit) :q (quit, nese nuk kemi edituar failin) :q! (dil nga editimi dhe programi pa shpetuar ndryshimet) u >>>> njelloj si Ctrl+Z pra UNDO e kunderta behet me Ctrl-R dd >>>> fshin komplet rreshtin ----------------- Ctrl+G (tregon failin qe po editon dhe sasine qe ke shkruajtur + ku ndodhesh ne brendesi te failit) G -shkon ne fund te failit | 1G shkon ne fillim te failit. / kerkon diçka >>>> (drejtimi) ne momentin e pare qe e ka gjetur vi ndalon keshtu qe per te vazhduar kerkimin mjafton te japim / [Enter] ? kerkon diçka <<<< (drejtimi) shembull ?[rR]ruga (nese nuk mbajm mend nese nis me R kapitale apo te vogel) :g/fjale kerkon perpara >>>> per "fjale" ndersa :g?fjale kerkon <<<<< mbrapa per fjale. :s/fjali/fjala zevendeson fjali me fjala >>>> :g/zedn/s//zend/g zevendeson ç'do zedn qe gjendet ne file me zend ----------------- y kopion /yy kopion rreshtin pastaj shtypim p per paste dd ben cut dhe p perseri paste, mund te specifikojm me :r ########################################################################################################################################## Arkivimi - Inarkivimi ########################################################################################################################################## .gz gzip -9 skedari / gzip -d skedari.gz ose zcat [Mund te krijoj vetem arkive nga 1 file] suporton concatenation >> .tar tar cvf arkivi.tar faili1 faili2 dir/ c - compress | tar xvf arkivi.tar x per decompress v - verbose / f faili me te cilin kemi pune / t for testing tar cvfp arkivi.tar & [per ta kaluar ne background kurse p per te ruajtur lejet e failit] .tar.gz LONG WAY [KOMPRESIMI] tar cvf arkiv.tar somedir/ & gzip -9 arkiv.tar [DEKOMPRESIMI] zcat arkiv.tar.gz | tar xvf - .tar.gz SHORT WAY [KOMPRESIMI] tar cvzf arkiv.tar.gz somedir/ [DEKOMPRESIMI] tar xzvf arkiv.tar.gz .bz2 bzip2 -z9 faili | bunzip2 arkivi.bz2 [i mire per source kode / text faile] .zip zip -r arkivi.zip dir/ file1 file2 etj | unzip arkivi.zip + e for encryption [zip -re arkivi.zip dir/ ] .xz / .lzma lzma\xz -ze9 file | lzma -d arkivi.lzma | xz -d arkvi.xz [high compression ratio] .lzo lzop -9 faili | lzop -d arkivi.lzo [eshte i mire per shpejtesi por jo dhe aq per compression ratio] ########################################################################################################################################## HDD - DEVICES - Formatime | df -m (per te kontrolluar kapacitetin & info) ########################################################################################################################################## fdisk /dev/hard-drive n (new) p (printon lloin e particionit) d(fshin particionin) Mbas ketij vepimi perdoret mke2fs -j /dev/hard-drive per ti dhene diskut nje filesystem ne menyre qe te kemi mundesi per te ruajtur faile. cfdisk /dev/sdb1 #form tjeter per te formatuar mke2fs -L emri -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 mkfs.jfs /dev/sdb1 Per te krijuar fat32 duhen perdorur dosfstools dhe mtools ose cfdisk nese jane te instaluar. mkdosfs -F32 -v -n "datapsh" /dev/sdb1 #per fat32 mkntfs -Q -v -L "datapsh" /dev/sdb1 #per ntfs Gparted eshte po ashtu i mire per keto operacione. tune2fs -j /dev/sdb1 , mbasi e perdorim mount -t vfat /dev/sdb1 /media/windows -o rw, nosuid (exec,noexec, conv=auto, ro, remount) mount /dev/cdroom (per CD) ose mount /dev/dvd per DVD [] mount -a (mount All) per te montuar te gjitha ato qe gjenden ne /etc/fstab Per te krijuar nje swap japim mkswap /dev/sdb1 & swapon /dev/sdb1 (per ta regjistruar ne kernel) Pas kesaj kontrollojm ne /etc/fstab nese eshte e regjistruar apo jo. ########################################################################################################################################## INIT - Booting, etj ########################################################################################################################################## sulogin (single user login) therritet nga init 8 (ne raste problemesh me sistemin). telinit S (komanda per te therritur single user mode) 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 (switching midis run-level's) [0 per ta fikur, 6 per ristart] ose init 1 sulogin -e (ne rastet kur /etc/passwd dhe /etc/shadow jane te demtuar). shutdown -h +20 fik sistemin mbas 20 minutave duke krijuar nje file /etc/nologin i cili ndalon ç'do lloj log-ini gjate kesaj kohe perveç root-it. [bllokon programin login] INIT ne realitet eshte program qe kontrollon nje seri skriptesh dhe i egzekuton ato sipas kerkesave duke e vene sistemin ne "nivele te tjera" ne baze te ndryshimeve. Ajo qe ndodh ne kohen kur ndizet sistemi psh, mund te gjendet tek rc.sysinit (arch linux) ose shih ne direktorit rc*.d nderkohe qe kur sistemi fiket (init 0) egzekuton kete skript qe gjendet tek /etc/rc.shutdown Ne vija te pergjithshme: a) INIT perpiqet te fiki ç'do proçes qe ka mundesi , heq domain-name per te evituar probleme me syslog, kerkon daemon qe nuk jane ne $daemon dhe i fik, b) Fik /rc.d/ ose init.d/ daemons ne rend invers c) Fik te gjitha proçeset duke egzekutuar /sbin/killall5 -15 &> /dev/null /bin/sleep 5 dhe /sbin/killall6 -9 &> /dev/null [sqarim: &> /dev/null, & e çon komanden ne background > ridrejton outputin tek /dev/null kjo per te mos konservuar mesazhet qe mund te japin te gjith proçeset gjate fikjes] d) egzekutohet umount per te ç'montuar te gjitha file-sistemet perveç / [root] i cili rimontohet ne read-only mode #/bin/mount -n -o remount,ro / [ku / eshte root i sistemit] Ndersa po te egzekutojm telinit S INIT egzekuton rc.single duke krijuar ambjentin singe-user-mode ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬boot-loader¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬ Aplikacion i cili ka detyren per te karikuar imazhin e kernelit ne memorje (kernel.img) dhe i jep proçesorit kontroll mbi imazhin ne baze te parametrave -blah :) . LILO ne kete kohe eshte pothuajse zevendesuar plotesisht nga GRUB keshtu qe : root (hda0,0) kernel /boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/sda1 boot Kjo eshte ajo qe duhet te gjendet tek /boot/grub/menu.lst ne kete rast root (hda0,0) i thote GRUB qe kernelin do e gjej tek HDD primar ne particionin 1 (per grub 0) Psh nese kernelin e kemi tek /dev/sda3 komanda do te ishte root (hda0,2) kernel specifikon kernelin /boot/vmlinuz eshte nje kernel-image-file, shikoje me nano \vi (total-mes :D) kurse root=/dev/sda1 specifikon particionin ku ndodhet faili. boot - komanda qe jepet ne rastin e boot-it. Per GRUB sda == hd0 ~~~ sdb == hd1 ~~~ sdc == hd2 Per te bere Switch midis Virtual Consoleve jepet Ctrl+Alt+F1, F2 , F3 e keshtu me radhe.. [dihet] ########################################################################################################################################## Skedare Sistemi me rendesi #ETC | User -- Groups | Cron ########################################################################################################################################## syslog-ng , eshte sistemi logging i cili regjistron ate qe ndodh me pjeset me te rendesishme te sistemit /etc/syslog-ng.conf, mund te editohet duke percaktuar vend tjeter per te shpetuar loget perveç /var/log ......... faili passwd ne /etc/ permban akontet e sistemit psh: bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/bin/false user:passwordi:USERID:GROUPID:EmriReal:/homedir:LOGIN-SHELL arditi:x:1000:1000::/home/arditi:/bin/bash rtkit:x:101:99:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin Ne fushen password nese kemi vleren x do te thote qe passwordi eshte tek shadow, nese kemi vleren * do te thote se perdoruesi nuk mund te bej log-in, nese kemi bosh psh :: do te thote se kemi nje blank password qe nuk duhet te ishte, vetem nese duam te lem dike qe te hyj ne sistem pa password !:/ Per te ndryshuar passwordin e nje perdoruesi mjafton te perdorim passwd dhe promti do na kerkoj passwordin e vjeter pastaj te riun. kur jemi root japim #passwd perdoruesi | dhe do na kerkohet passwordi i ri. Per te shtuar nje perdorues editojm failin /etc/passwd dhe shtojm psh asdasd:x:1001:1000::/home/asdasd:/bin/csh [1001 eshte ID-ja e tij, 1000 eshte GID, csh eshte per corn shell ose /bin/bash, etj sipas preferencave] mbas kesaj duhet qe te krijojm dhe direktorin /home/asdasd ndryshe perdoruesi i ri do te perdori si direktori / (root) Mbas kesaj si root, japim passwd asdasd dhe fusim passwordin e ri te perdoruesit. (kjo do te shtoj rreshtin tek /etc/shadow) Per ta shtuar ne grupet (ne menyre qe te kemi leje per te perdorur, CD, audio, Video, kamera etj) editojm /etc/groups dhe shtojm psh: storage:x:95:arditi,hal,useriri,usertjeter,etjetj Grupet e preferuara mund te jene: lp wheel network video audio optical storage power users camera arditi Per te pare se ne ç'fare grupi jemi japim #group perdoruesi Per te ndryshuar mesazhet qe paraqiten ne dritaren e loginit modifkojm /etc/issue Per te ndryshuar lejet qe mund te kete nje perdorues ne egzekutimin e programeve psh : ---------------------------------------------- [arditi@darkinet ~]$ sudo cat /etc/sudoers Password: Sorry, user arditi is not allowed to execute '/bin/cat /etc/sudoers' as root on darkinet. ---------------------------------------------- Shkojm editojm /etc/sudoers me #visudo /etc/sudoers (per te kapur gabime ne sintaks gjat editimit) dhe shtojm: %arditi ALL=/bin/cat Kjo zakonisht perdoret kur kemi nje server dhe duam te bejm pak tracking me ate qe bejn perdoruesit me programet e ndryshme, psh ssh, httpd, ftpd etj. Crontab: 10 00 * * * /usr/bin/someprogrm --shume-opcione :) minutat:ora: ditet e muajit :muaji : diet e javes (0-7) (0 dhe 7 jane e djela) 0-59 | 0-23 | 1-31 | 1-12 | 0-7 Per te shtuar nje pune ne automatik tek CRON japim crontab -e dhe do na hapet faili /var/spool/cron/$perdoruesi $perdoruesi eshte per ate qe po e perdorim dhe me vi mund te editojm permbajtjen e failit duke futur proçeset qe na interesojn per te egzekutuar. Linux eshte nje sistem multi-user keshtu qe per tu log-uar me nje akont tjeter mjafton te therrasim nga shell-i login, per te dale therrasim logout ########################################################################################################################################## PROÇESET - MENAXHIMI [ps, top, lsof,] ########################################################################################################################################## Per te pare proçeset ne kohe reale, perdorim programin top #top ? -- per te paraqitur faqen e ndihmes [hapesire] per te bere refresh proçeseve M - rendit proçeset sipas perdorimit te RAM-it (nga ai qe perdor me shume tek ata qe perdorin me pak) T - rendit sipas rendit kumuluativ te proçesorit (ne perdorim) u - paraqit vetem proçeset e perdoruesit q - dalja nga programi l/t/m/1 paraqesin tabelat permbledhese ne pjesen e siperme te programit (per memorjen, proçesorin, etj) Rendi eshte ne kete forme por mund te ndryshohet me f * A: PID = Process Id * E: USER = User Name * H: PR = Priority * I: NI = Nice value * O: VIRT = Virtual Image (kb) * Q: RES = Resident size (kb) * T: SHR = Shared Mem size (kb) * W: S = Process Status * K: %CPU = CPU usage * N: %MEM = Memory usage (RES) * M: TIME+ = CPU Time, hundredths Mbas kesaj shtypim ne tastier shkornjen qe na intereson sipas asaj qe kerkojm nga programi te na paraqis ne ekran. #lsof | less //me ane te ketij shohim te gjitha failet e hapura ne sistem * COMMAND Emri i komandes per Proçesin qe permban pershkrimin e failit * PID Proçesi i cili po perdor failin. * USER Perdoruesi qe po egzekuton proçesin * FD File Descriptor qellimi per hapjen e failit. (cwd,txt,mem,rtd) * TYPE Lloi i failit (file normal, FIFO, direktori, socket, pipe, CHR, etj). * DEVICE Numri i madh dhe i vogel i paisjes qe po mban failin * SIZE Madhesia e failit * NODE Numri i-node i failit * NAME Emri i failit. lsof /home/arditi lsof -p 1 liston failet e hapura sipas Proçes ID's lsof -u perdoruesi Proçeset kane priroritet ne baze te lejeve qe kane per te konsumuar CPU i cili varion nga -20 (me i larti tek 19 qe eshte me i uleti) por ne realitet kerneli nuk eshte se e vret shume mendjen per vleren qe jep #top tek PRI se sa e vret mendjen per vleren qe ka proçesi tek NI (nice value) sepse kjo i thote kernelit se ç'fare slot-i duhet ti caktoj programit keshtu qe nese duam qe programi te egzekutohet vetem kur te tjeret kane mbaruar pune japim #renice 19 pid (id-ja e Proçesit) Per te analizuar perdorimin e RAM-it dhe CPU-n mund te perdorim vmstat vmstat -d -S M per te analizuar hard-diskun | vmstat -s -S M form tjeter display per rezultatet e memorjes RAM + swap [ne rast se nuk del rami] vmstat 3 (raporton te njejtat statistika si mesiper ç'do 3 sekonda) Per me shume: man vmstat ########################################################################################################################################## Informacione mbi Sistemin ########################################################################################################################################## root@mybox:/var/efw # uname -a;id;uptime;date;free -mtol;who;cat /proc/cpuinfo;echo $PATH;df -m; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- outputi do jete: Linux kenny.southpark 2.6.22.19-72.e19 #1 SMP Thu Nov 26 12:12:03 EST 2009 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root),1(bin),2(daemon),3(sys),6(disk),10(wheel) 15:14:53 up 6:01, 1 user, load average: 0.48, 0.96, 0.92 Thu Jun 24 15:14:53 CEST 2010 total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 501 491 10 0 58 109 Low: 501 491 10 High: 0 0 0 Swap: 512 198 314 Total: 1014 689 324 root pts/0 Jun 24 14:24 (192.168.0.150) root pts/1 Jun 24 15:16 (192.168.58.154) processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 9 model name : Intel(R) Celeron(R) processor 600MHz stepping : 5 cpu MHz : 599.939 cache size : 64 KB fdiv_bug : no hlt_bug : no f00f_bug : no coma_bug : no fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 2 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr mce cx8 mtrr pge mca cmov pat clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 tm pbe up bogomips : 1200.99 clflush size : 64 /sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin Filesystem 1M-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/hda1 6041 698 5037 13% / /dev/hda6 18830 304 17570 2% /var /dev/hda3 99 6 89 6% /var/efw /dev/hda5 12082 188 11281 2% /var/log Ndersa per networkun mund te perdorim: ----------------------------------------------------------- root@mybox:/ #ip address show;route -n;ip neigh show; ----------------------------------------------------------- 1: lo: mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000 link/ether 00:30:b0:e0:b2:11 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet6 fe80::260:e0ff:fee0:a4d6/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eth1: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000 link/ether 00:30:b0:e0:b2:11 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.123.0.150/24 brd 10.123.0.255 scope global eth1 4: eth2: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000 link/ether 00:30:b0:e0:b2:11 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 5: eth3: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000 link/ether 00:30:b0:e0:b2:11 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.58.126/24 brd 192.168.58.255 scope global eth3 inet6 fe80::260:e0ff:fee0:a4d3/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 6: br0: mtu 1500 qdisc hfsc link/ether 00:30:b0:e0:b2:11 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.0.15/22 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global br0 7: br2: mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue link/ether 00:30:b0:e0:b2:11 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 9: ifb0: mtu 1500 qdisc htb qlen 32 link/ether 00:30:b0:e0:b2:11 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet6 fe80::7081:6fff:fe6d:e29d/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 10: ifb1: mtu 1500 qdisc noop qlen 32 link/ether 00:30:b0:e0:b2:11 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 11: tap0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 100 link/ether 00:30:b0:e0:b2:11 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet6 fe80::2ff:f4ff:fe4d:8e0f/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 16: tun0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 100 link/[65534] inet 192.168.10.15/24 scope global tun0 25: ipsec0: mtu 16260 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 10 link/ether 00:30:b0:e0:b2:11 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.58.126/24 brd 192.168.58.255 scope global ipsec0 inet6 fe80::260:e0ff:fee0:a4d3/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 26: ipsec1: mtu 0 qdisc noop qlen 10 link/void 27: ipsec2: mtu 0 qdisc noop qlen 10 link/void 28: ipsec3: mtu 0 qdisc noop qlen 10 link/void -------------------------------------------- Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 10.123.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.58.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth3 192.168.58.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ipsec0 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 tun0 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.252.0 U 0 0 0 br0 0.0.0.0 192.168.58.15 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth3 --------------------------------------------- 10.123.0.1 dev eth1 FAILED [nothing connected on eth1 port] 70.70.170.120 dev eth1 FAILED [edhe ip-t jane te ndryshuara, thote failed sepse nuk ka kavo te lidhur ne interface] 72.10.170.100 dev eth1 FAILED 192.168.58.125 dev eth3 lladdr 00:30:b0:e0:b2:11 DELAY 192.168.58.154 dev eth3 lladdr 00:30:b0:e0:b2:11 STALE 192.168.58.15 dev eth3 lladdr 00:30:b0:e0:b2:11 REACHABLE 192.168.0.150 dev br0 lladdr 00:30:b0:e0:b2:11 REACHABLE Per te kontrolluar DNS -t japim cat /etc/resolv.conf ose cat /etc/dnsmasq/resolv.conf ne varesi te programit qe po perdorim. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ########################################################################## Na falni per kualitetin e log-ut, kohet e fundit skam shume kohe :)